Oh, you who believed! If believing women come to you as migrants, then you test them; Allah is the best Knower about their belief; then if you know that they are believers, then you shouldn’t send them back to the Kuffar; these women aren’t allowable to them, and they are not allowable to these women; you give to them what they spent; there is no blame upon you to marry them if you are giving them their dowry; you shouldn’t hold onto the wedlock relation with disbelieving women; and you ask for whatever you spent, they may ask for whatever they spent; those are the judgments of Allah; He is judging among you; and Allah is the All-Knower, the Wise.
According to the condition of the ‘Hudaibiya Treaty’, if anyone comes from Mecca to Medina as a refugee, they should be sent back to Mecca. But the Meccan pagans, who hid the verses of the Lord’s Book after knowing, began to violate the conditions of the treaty one by one. So it is taught through this verse that if believing women come to Medina as refugees and are identified as believers, they shouldn’t be sent back to the Kuffar; and Kuffar are not permissible to believers in wedlock and vice versa. It is also taught that the dowry the Kuffar had given to the believers should be given back, and there is no blame upon believing men to marry such believing women after giving their dowry. If the women under believers’ wedlock wish to go to the Kuffar, the believers shouldn’t hold them, but they can ask for the dowry they had given to them, just like the Kuffar asked for the dowry they had given to the believing women who came to you from Mecca. All these are the judgments of the Three-Time Knower Lord Allah to be brought into practice. See explanation 2: 221.
Since Adhikr is codified as a Book, the Kuffar who hide the verses of It one by one are the hypocrites and the Kafirs who associate others in the dominion of Allah mentioned in verses such as 9: 68, 73, 123; 48: 29; 66: 9. So if such women are there among the believers, considering verse 2: 256 that there is no compulsion in religion, they should not be held from going to the Fujjar—the Kuffar. In such cases, the believers have the right to ask for the dowry they had given to them. The believing women who are in wedlock with Kuffar can leave such a person, giving back the dowry by accepting Asiya—the woman of Pharaoh—as a role model. To put it briefly, whether male or female, everyone has the freedom to follow the lifestyle of the one in a thousand believer, avoiding the lifestyle of nine hundred and ninety-nine disbelievers and vice versa. See explanation 43: 60-61; 48: 24-25; and 57: 27.